What are some benefits of administering a drug enterally? What is considered the safest, least expensive, and most convenient route for administering drugs? The route of administration of a drug affects what?īoth the onset and the duration of the responseĭrugs given by the enteral route are given by what methods? Which term refers to the time required for a drug to begin to have its effect? What is the need for an increasingly larger dose of a drug to obtain the same effect as the original dose called? What is it called when a patient's perception that a pill without active ingredients is having pharmacologic effect? What is it called when the same amount of drug is metabolized and eliminated from the body per unit of time regardless of dose? What is an example of a drug eliminated with zero order kinetics If a drug displays zero order elimination kinetics, how much of it is eliminated per unit of time? How many half lives of repeated dosing dose it take for the level of the drug to build up to a steady state in the body? If a drug has a half like of 8 hours, how long would it take for the drug to be 96% eliminated from the body?Ĥ0 hours -5 half lives needed to reduce the levels of a drug to 3.125% of the original level or eliminate over 96%- for a drug with an 8 hours half like this amounts to 5 half lives x 8 hours per half like or 40 hours What metabolite is usually more polar and less lipid soluble than its parent compound?Ī prodrug is an example of which type mechanism of metabolism? What is the most common site for biotransformation? What is the movement of a drug from one site in the body to other sites is called? They are either bound to plasma proteins or are free When the acidity of the tissue increases, the effect of local anesthetic does what?Īre local anesthetics a weak acid or a weak base?Īll drugs in the blood are bound to what? Increasing the pH of a solution will cause a greater percentage of a weak base in the solution to be in what form? Organ size, blood flow to organ, drug solubility, plasma protein binding capacity, and the presence of barriers such as the blood brain barrier or the placenta What are the factors that determine distribution of a drug? Weak acids are excreted more rapidly and weak bases are excreted more slowly When tubular urine is more alkaline, how are the weak acids and bases excreted? Most drugs are excreted through which mechanism?Ī process in the kidney that can result in retention of a drug in the body It makes it more polar and with less affinity for fatty tissueĪfter phase I drug metabolism, where is the drug less likely to be distributed? What does phase I drug metabolism usually do to a drug? If a drug is a weak base that is excreted via the kidneys, what will acidifying the urine do? What is an inactive drug compound that becomes transformed into an active drug compound? When will drugs that are weak electrolytes cross body membranes best? What is the process by which a substance is transported against a concentration gradient? Lipid molecules orient themselves so that they form a fluid biomolecular leaflet structure with the hydrophobic ends of the molecule shielded from the surrounding aqueous environment. Tolerance is most closely associated with which category of a drug? When a drug has affinity for a receptor and produces no effect What is the definition of a competitive antagonist? Many large molecules that exist either on the cell membrane or within the cell itself What do drug receptors appear to consist of? How does a specific drug usually binds with a specific receptor? What reduced the maximal response of the agonist? The drug with the stronger affinity for the receptor When different drugs compete for the same receptor sites, does the drug with the stronger affinity for the receptor or the drug with the weaker affinity bind to more receptors? What is the ratio of the median lethal dose to the median effective dose called?ĭo drugs produce the same action as an endogenous agent or block the action of an endogenous agent? Which drug is more potent? One with a stronger affinity for a receptor site or a same drug with a weaker affinity for the same site?Ī drug with stronger affinity is more potent that a drug with weaker affinity Yes, drugs of greater potency do not require as high a dose Is it better to administer a drug of greater potency when given the choice? Metabolism of drugs, elimination of drugs, and absorption of drugs When comparing two drugs, the dose response curve would have a greater height for which drug? Pharmacology - CH 2 Drug Action and Handling QuestionĪ drug is defined as a biologically active substance that can modify?
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